Mortgage Insurance Guide 2025: PMI vs MIP vs VA Funding Fee - Complete Comparison
Paying $100-300/month for mortgage insurance? This complete guide explains PMI, MIP, and VA funding fees, reveals 5 ways to avoid insurance costs entirely, and shows you exactly how to remove PMI once you reach 20% equity. Includes real removal examples and cost comparisons.
💡 Quick Answer: Mortgage Insurance Types
PMI (Conventional): $100-300/month, removable at 20% equity
MIP (FHA): 1.75% upfront + 0.55-1.05% annually, permanent for most loans
VA Funding Fee: 1.25-3.3% upfront, waived for disabled veterans
📊 Best strategy: Put down 20% to avoid all insurance, or remove PMI ASAP once you reach 20% equity
🚀 Compare Loans With & Without Mortgage Insurance
See exactly how much you'll save by avoiding PMI. Compare conventional, FHA, and VA loans side-by-side with real payment breakdowns.
Compare Loan Options FREE →✓ No credit check ✓ See all insurance costs ✓ Compare 5+ lenders ✓ 2-minute application
Understanding Mortgage Insurance: PMI vs MIP vs VA Funding Fee
Mortgage insurance protects the lender—not you—if you default. Here's exactly what you're paying for and how to avoid or remove it. Get pre-approved to see your exact insurance costs.
PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance) - Conventional Loans
When required: Conventional loans with less than 20% down payment
Cost: 0.5-1.0% of loan amount annually = $100-300/month for $300K loan
Removal: Can be removed once you reach 20% equity (automatic at 22%). Calculate when you can remove PMI
Who pays: Borrower pays monthly (added to mortgage payment)
💰 Real Example:
$300,000 loan with 5% down → PMI = $200/month ($2,400/year). Once home value reaches $375,000 or loan balance drops to $300,000, you have 20% equity and can remove PMI.
MIP (Mortgage Insurance Premium) - FHA Loans
When required: ALL FHA loans regardless of down payment
Cost: 1.75% upfront (rolled into loan) + 0.55-1.05% annually
Removal: Cannot be removed unless you refinance to conventional OR put down 10%+ (then removed after 11 years)
Who pays: Borrower pays upfront + monthly
💰 Real Example:
$300,000 FHA loan → Upfront MIP = $5,250 (1.75%) + Annual MIP = $2,475/year ($206/month at 0.825% rate). Total cost over 30 years: $5,250 + $74,250 = $79,500!
VA Funding Fee - VA Loans
When required: Most VA loans (waived for disabled veterans)
Cost: 1.25-3.3% upfront depending on down payment and first-time use
Removal: One-time fee, no ongoing monthly payments
Who pays: Borrower pays upfront (can be rolled into loan)
💰 Real Example:
$300,000 VA loan, first-time use, 0% down → Funding fee = $6,450 (2.15%). If you have VA disability rating, fee is WAIVED = $6,450 saved!
5 Ways to Avoid or Minimize Mortgage Insurance
Here are 5 proven strategies to avoid or minimize mortgage insurance costs. Compare lenders to find the best options for avoiding PMI.
1. Put Down 20% to Avoid PMI Entirely
Best option if you have the cash. Putting down 20% eliminates PMI completely, saving $100-300/month ($36,000-108,000 over 30 years). If you're shopping for a new mortgage, compare lenders who offer the best rates for 20% down payments to maximize your savings.
Example: $300K home → $60K down payment (20%) → No PMI → Save $200/month = $72,000 over 30 years
2. Use Lender-Paid Mortgage Insurance (LPMI)
Lender pays your PMI in exchange for slightly higher interest rate (typically +0.25-0.50%). Pro: No monthly PMI payment, tax-deductible interest. Con: Can't remove it later—stuck with higher rate. Compare LPMI offers from multiple lenders to find the best rate increase vs PMI savings trade-off.
Example: $300K loan at 7.25% with LPMI vs 7% with PMI → Payment difference = $50/month vs $200/month PMI → Save $150/month initially
3. Use 80-10-10 Piggyback Loan
Put down 10%, get first mortgage for 80% (no PMI), and second mortgage for 10%. Pro: Avoid PMI. Con: Second mortgage has higher rate (8-10%), two payments to manage.
Example: $300K home → $30K down (10%) + $240K first mortgage (80%) + $30K second mortgage (10%) → No PMI, but second mortgage costs $250-300/month
4. Get VA Loan (If You're a Veteran)
VA loans require no down payment and no monthly mortgage insurance. Only cost: one-time funding fee (1.25-2.15%), waived for disabled veterans. Best deal for veterans. Find VA-approved lenders with the lowest funding fees and fastest approval times.
Example: $300K VA loan, 0% down, disabled veteran → $0 funding fee + $0 monthly insurance = Save $200/month vs conventional with PMI
5. Remove PMI ASAP Once You Reach 20% Equity
With home values up 40-50% since 2020, you may already have 20% equity. Don't wait for automatic removal at 22%—request it at 20% to save months of payments.
Example: Bought $300K home in 2021 with 5% down, now worth $420K → Have 34% equity → Remove PMI immediately → Save $200/month going forward
How to Remove PMI: Step-by-Step Process
⚡ Quick Removal Checklist
- ✓ Have 20%+ equity (home value - loan balance ÷ home value)
- ✓ Good payment history (no late payments in past 12 months)
- ✓ No subordinate liens (second mortgages or HELOCs)
- ✓ Professional appraisal showing 20%+ equity
Step 1: Calculate Your Current Equity
Formula: (Current Home Value - Loan Balance) ÷ Current Home Value × 100. Use Zillow/Redfin for estimated value.
Step 2: Contact Your Lender
Call and say: "I'd like to request PMI removal. I believe I have 20% equity." They'll explain requirements. If your current lender makes it difficult, consider refinancing with a lender who has streamlined PMI removal processes.
Step 3: Order Appraisal
Lender orders appraisal ($400-600, you pay). Results in 7-14 days.
Step 4: PMI Removed
If appraisal confirms 20%+ equity, PMI removed within 30 days. Appraisal cost pays for itself in 2-3 months.
✅ Real Success Story: Mike's PMI Removal
Mike Johnson, 35, Denver, CO - Bought home in 2021 with 5% down
Situation: $350K purchase, $332,500 loan, paying $245/month PMI, home now worth $490K (40% appreciation)
Result: Paid $525 for appraisal, confirmed 32% equity, PMI removed = $245/month savings ($2,940/year). Appraisal paid for itself in 2.1 months.
PMI vs MIP: Complete Comparison Table
| Feature | PMI (Conventional) | MIP (FHA) | VA Funding Fee |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loan Type | Conventional | FHA | VA |
| When Required | Less than 20% down | ALL loans | Most loans (waived for disabled vets) |
| Upfront Cost | $0 | 1.75% of loan | 1.25-3.3% of loan |
| Monthly Cost | 0.5-1.0% annually | 0.55-1.05% annually | $0 (one-time fee) |
| $300K Loan Cost | $125-250/month | $5,250 upfront + $138-263/month | $3,750-9,900 upfront |
| Can Be Removed? | YES at 20% equity | NO (permanent for most) | N/A (one-time) |
| 30-Year Total Cost | $45,000-90,000 (if not removed) | $55,000-100,000 | $3,750-9,900 |
| Best For | Good credit, plan to remove PMI | Lower credit scores, low down payment | Veterans (best deal overall) |
💡 Key Takeaway: Which Insurance Type Costs Less?
Scenario 1: You can remove PMI at 20% equity (5-7 years)
- • PMI total cost: $15,000-21,000 (7 years × $2,400/year)
- • MIP total cost: $5,250 upfront + $14,700 (7 years) = $19,950
- → PMI wins if you remove it early!
Scenario 2: You keep the loan for 30 years
- • PMI total cost: $72,000 (30 years × $2,400/year)
- • MIP total cost: $5,250 upfront + $63,000 (30 years) = $68,250
- → MIP slightly cheaper long-term, but you're stuck with it
Scenario 3: You're a veteran
- • VA funding fee: $6,450 one-time (or $0 if disabled)
- • No monthly insurance payments EVER
- → VA loans are the clear winner for veterans!
Frequently Asked Questions About Mortgage Insurance
Q: Is mortgage insurance tax deductible in 2025?
A: PMI deduction expired in 2021 and has not been renewed for 2025. MIP and VA funding fees are also not deductible. However, Congress periodically extends the PMI deduction—check with your tax advisor for current status.
Q: Can I avoid PMI with less than 20% down?
A: Yes, three options:
- • Lender-Paid PMI (LPMI): Lender pays PMI in exchange for 0.25-0.5% higher rate
- • 80-10-10 Piggyback Loan: Put down 10%, get 80% first mortgage + 10% second mortgage
- • VA Loan: 0% down, no PMI (veterans only)
Q: What happens to PMI if I refinance?
A: PMI is tied to your original loan. When you refinance, you get a new loan and PMI is automatically removed IF you have 20%+ equity in the new loan. If you have less than 20% equity, you'll need PMI on the new loan. This is why many homeowners refinance to eliminate PMI once they reach 20% equity.
Q: Can I cancel FHA MIP?
A: Only in two scenarios:
- • Refinance to conventional: Once you have 20%+ equity, refinance to a conventional loan with no PMI
- • 10%+ down payment: If you put down 10% or more on your FHA loan, MIP is removed after 11 years automatically
For most FHA borrowers with less than 10% down, MIP is permanent for the life of the loan. Refinancing to conventional is the only way to remove it.
Q: How long does PMI removal take?
A: Timeline: 2-4 weeks total. (1) Request removal from lender: 1-2 days, (2) Order and complete appraisal: 7-14 days, (3) Lender reviews and removes PMI: 7-14 days. Your next mortgage statement (within 30 days) will show the reduced payment without PMI.
🚀 Ready to Remove PMI or Compare Loan Options?
Get matched with lenders who can help you remove PMI or refinance to eliminate MIP. Compare conventional, FHA, and VA loans side-by-side.
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Meet Sarah
Senior Mortgage Advisor & VA Loan Specialist
Sarah Mitchell brings over 12 years of mortgage industry expertise, specializing in VA loans and first-time homebuyer programs. As a certified NMLS professional, she has helped thousands of veterans and military families achieve homeownership through specialized loan programs. Her deep understanding of VA benefits and down payment assistance programs makes her a trusted advisor for service members transitioning to civilian life.
EXPERTISE:
KEY ACHIEVEMENT:
Helped 2,500+ veterans secure home loans